Carbureter.



I. u. BOTTOMEI CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED. AUG. 27,19l4.

Patented July 11,1916.

WI T/VESSES.

A TTOR/V 5 UNITED s'rn'rns PATENT OFFICE.

TURNER D; BOTTOME, F INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

'CARBURETER.

specification of Letters Iatent. Paf t d Jul 1.1 1916.

v Application filed August 27, 1914. Serial No. 858,798.

To all w item it may concern-.' I

, bureter, which Be it known that I, TURNER D. Bo'rToME,

' a citizen of the United. States,, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented anew and useful Carbureten'o-f which the following is a specification. r I

It is the primary object of my invention .to increase the mileage of automobiles for a given quantity'of fuel, and to. enable .lower grades offuel to' be used for intrnalcombustion engines. v

It is my further object to render more nearly uniform the explosive mixture pro duced by a carbureter'at different rates of carbureting, to improve the fuel volatilization,--to compensate automatically the. ratev of fuel supply for differences, in carbureter temperature'so as to maintain the quantity by wearing of the carbureter parts.

The accompanying 'drawing illustratesmy invention.

Figure tially onthe line 11 of Fig; 2,'through a carbureter. embodying my invention, with some of the parts removedyFig. 2 is a centrallvertic al section through such carb'ureter, substantially on the line 2-2 of Flg. 1; Fi 3'is asomewhat reduced section on the 1i1i33-3 of Fig. 1', showing the construction of a lamp which I mayv usein connection with my carbureter; Fig. his a detail showing the construction of. the a1r valve and ts operating mechanism; Fig. 5 is a muchenlarged view. of the point of an improved 'needle for theneedlevalve and Fig. '6 is an enlarged view of the remainder of the; fuel nozzle for cooperating with such needle.

"The carbureter body comprises an inner p tube and a surrounding outer tube 11 in tegrally connected by a top 12 and a bottom 13 to form an annular chamber 14, Whlch nas an inlet opening 15 near the top and a discharge outlet 16 near the bottom for su1t able heating gases,

from th associated engine. Surroundin 1 is a horizontal-section, substan-- such as the exhaust gases the inner tube 10 at an intermediate point in 'its length is a smaller annular chamber, 17,

formed by walls 18 and connected to the at mosphere by a tube 19 which passes through the outer'tube 11. The inner tube 1-0 is provided with a sl0t' 20. which extends entirely around 1t and connects the interior of such tube with the chamber 17 Slidingly fitting within the tube 10, which is smooth inside and of substantially the same diameter vided with slots 22 which cooperate with the slot 20 tOHdIIHt a-controlled flow of air to throughout its length; is a sleeve 21, pro

the tubelO. -The shape oft-he slots 22 andthe reason: therefor Willi-be brought out more fully hereinafter. The sleeve 21 is fixed onthe upper end of a sliding 'shell 23,

ing-shell 23 fitting slidingly within the tube 10 and being contracted at its upper end to fit closely around a relatively long and slender tube 24 which extends lengthwise" through the shell 23 and is provided at its lower end with a head 25; theishell 23, tube 24, and head 25 providing between them'anas by being screw-threaded thereon, the slidannular space'in which is located a suitably lnsulated heating coil 26; The supply wires '27 for the coil 26 pass out through open111gs 28 near the upper end of the shell. 23. The lnner surface of the tube 2&is made as smooth as possible, A cap 29 i s screwed onto the progect ng threaded upper end of 1 -the tube 24,, and, by hearing against the upper end-of the shell 23 clamps the parts 23 and 24'firmlytogether so that such parts move as a unit, there being enough slack in the wires 27 to permit this. In order to move this movable unit, it is provided with i 1 a circumferential groove 30, which receives an eccentric pin 31 on a transverse, shaft 32 operable by a lever 33 connected in any suitable way to the desired control 'point. By

turning the lever 33, the unit 23-24 is shifted vertically. i The lower end of'the tube 24 has a 'projection 35, which fits slidingly within an annular opening'36 in the upper 'endof a lug 37 screw-threaded into the lower end of the tube 10. Theannular openin-g"36 surrounds a projecting tube 38integral with the plug 37, and within the tube 38 is mounted a tube 38 of some material having ahigher 'coefiicient of expansion'than has the-plug- 37 and the tube 10. 'The tube 39 is conveniently, of hard rubber. if thepartS sm'allannular jewel 42, conveniently of sapphire, which is substantially not effected by wear, which ewel forms the fuel valve seat. A contlnuous opening 43 extends centrally through the plug 37,tube 39,plug 41,

and jewel 42, for supplying kerosene, gaso lene, or other fuel, the lower end of the plug 37 being suitably screw-threaded for attachment to a source of fuel supply, as by a pipe 45 in which is a valve 46. The lower end 35 of the sliding member 23-24 surrounds the tube 38, but is slightly spaced therefrom, and such lower end 35 is con veniently taperingly countersunk so-that the being at but a slight angle to those of the cylindrical needle portion just above it. The bore of the jewel 42 is equal in diameter interior of the'tube 24 opens at its lower end toan oblique passage 44 extending through the plug 37-into the annular opening 36.

The cap 29 has a finely-threaded central opening receiving the upper end of a depending needle 50, the point at the lower end] of which projects into the opening in the jewel 42 to form therewith a fuel valve. The needle proper is preferably of steel or some other hard metal, but it has a long shank 51 which extends through nearly the 'full length ;of the tube 24 and is of some 'such centered position.

shank 51 is preferably of some material soft, nonresilient metal, such as lead or soft copper, which will yield transversely to allow the needle point to center itself in. the bore of the jewel 42 and will not spring back materially to displace theneedle from Moreover, the

which has a greater coeificient of expansion than. hasthe body of the carbureter, as is the case if such shank is lead. As a result of the greater coefiicient of expansion of the parts 39 and 51 than of the body of the carbureter, the tendency for the needle 50 to move from or toward its valve seat 42 upon an increase or decrease of temperature respectively, because of the expansion of the change in length of the parts 39 and 51 tending to bring together or separate such parts respectively. Preferably there is an over compensation, because of the greater fluidity and volatility of the fuel under increased temperatures, as thereby the amount of fuel supplied may be maintained con stant. Preferably I make both the parts 39 and 51 of material having a greater coefficient of expansion than has the bodyof the carbureter, but the same result in kind can be obtained by making but one of these parts of such material having a greater coefficient of expansion.

The needle 50 is moved vertically with the sleeve 21 and the sliding units 23-24, as the shaft 32 is turned. The point of the needle 50 is a long slender point, so that the needlemay have a very considerable vertical movement with its lower end remaining 011. tinuously within the jewel 42. The needle point preferably has several different tapers at different parts of its length, (three being shown,) as is clear from Fig, 5,

the lowest portion of the needle consisting of a cone 55 of comparatively small taper, though the largest taper of any part of the needle, above this cone 55 being a conical frustum 56 of less taper, which frustum has above it another frustum 57 of still less taper, the elements of this latter frustum into the jewel quite to this extent, to avoid wear. As the needle is withdrawn from the jewel, the increments of the opening thereby provided are annuli of constantly decreasingradius, but because. of the triple taper of the needle point thewidths of these annular increments per unit of linear movement of the needle is increased as the upper movement of the needle continues, so as to maintain more nearly uniform the increments of opening per unit of needle movement. Bychanging the tapers of the parts 55, 56, and 57, the increments of valve open ing per unit of needle movement may be made anything desired at different points of the needle movement.

The shape of the openings 22 is empirically made to accord with the tapers given the parts 55, 56, and 57 of the needle 50, so that the size of such openings at a number of measured positions is made proportional to the volume of fuel discharged by the fuel valve under a given head of fuel for unl'l'llsponding needle positions; probably because of the length of the tube 24. and the consequent close approach to atmospheric pressure around the fuel nozzle. this found to make a substantially proporliomil mixture of air and fuel for all degrees of suction.

- Ordinarily I make the upper edge (ll of each slot 22 oblique to the lower edge of the slot 20 so as to provide an increasing rate of opening. of the air valve. as the sleeve 21 the manifold 69 to which'the carbureter iS movesupward inf-the first part of its move-. ment, the ends-162 usuallybeing square to make themiddlefpartof theair valve movementone with a cuniformf rate of opening,

being'obl-ique to'the bottom edge; of the slot 20, .but-inr the reverse direction from the top edge 61 thereof sojas to :make the last part {of the upward movementof the air valve one which the rate of change of the air opening is a decreasing one, The particular shape: of the openings 22 will vary with the particular shape of the needle point, so as to ma'intaina substantiallyuniform volumetric proportionbetween the air and fuel, but in nearly every case the upper edge and. conveniently the lower edge of each of such openings oblique to the lower edge'of the slot 20. As shown, the obliquity of both edges is part one way and part the other, 'makin the -openings. somewhat diamond nsha pe J -J --The: cap 29 fits into the'lower end of a wirecoil-wound on the inside of a tube of insulation 66, this coil and tube conveniently being carried by the shell 23. Thus leading-in wires openings in a ring of insulation 68, which is interposed between the inletopen-ing of connected and the. attaching flange ofthe carbureter, -,such. attaching flange conven supply ieritly-being a separate piece from the carbureter bodyand being provided with a neck 71 which is screwed into the upper end of the tube 10, the'inner surface of such tube and the inner surface of the rings 68 and 7 O- conven ently forming a smooth surface, as-

shown. The leading-in wires 67 conveniently both the coil 65 andthe coil 26,

f being connected to the supply wires 27 for the latter, these two coils being connected in any desired relationshipto each other, such as the series relationshlp shown. The

tube ,66 is open at the upper end to the space within the tube 10, and

surrounding the ,.cap 29 is provided with a number of openings Qlto ru V g ln opera tlon, fuel, such asgasolene or kerosene,'or even lower grades of 011, is sup? for supplying gasoleneto the lower end of such tube from the space within the tube 24:. These openings 75 and the passage ll and tubes 24' are of proper area to admit just enough ei'igineto run idle at low speed, and the needle 50 is set so that when it is in its lowest, position, with 1 the air valve "20-21 closed. it does not quite shut ed the supply offuel but admits enough fuelto'mix in proper proportions with the air in the tube '-the engine idle.

plied to the passage 43, and such fuel is drawn from 67 for this coil pass through air for the associated sleeve 21 is essential. the first nozzle into thelinterior' of the 'tube 24. :Here it is mixedwith air the fuel but small in quantity as compared with" the air supplied through the openings andthe, bottoms-63 of such openings usually 22, fwhen the latter are open andthis'air end of the tube 66, continuing up through this latter tube and in contact with the coil 65 to the upper end thereof and then passmg therefrom into the open space within the tube 10. In the meantime air has been 'entering through the tube 19, slot 20, and slots 22 into the space within thetube 10, and this alr is drawn upward by. the engine suction around the outside of the tube'66, this latter 4 air being mixed with the mixed air and fuel from the inside of the tube. 66 as they beyond the upper end of the latter. By reason of the high velocity of the fuelas it passes through the openings 75, such fuel is very finely divided,and this fuel is heated both before and afterpassing such openings 75 by the coils '26 and 65, so that when it emerges from the upper end of the t e 66 it is practically in the form of vap r, so that itbecomes intimately mixed with the air to form a readily explosive mixture. This air is heated, as is also the-fuel, by the exhaust gases passing through the chamber 14, which also helps to make a better explosive mixture. The opening of the fuel and air valves is controlled by the shaft 32, which shifts vertically the sliding member 2324 to move the cylinder 21 of the air valve and the needle 50 of the fuel valve simultaneously upward or downward, thus controlling the amount of'fuel and air.

The passages for the various streams of fluid through the carbureter are all smooth passages, as furnished by the inside of the tubes 10 and 2-l, and practically by the inside of the coil of wire 65 which is prefer- "eddying which takes place; in carburetors at the cost of their efficiency is practically totally avoided. The air'and fuel valves are rigid with each other, so that they move together in a straight line. The sliding mem- 1 her/which carries the movable parts of the air and fuel valves may turn in any way within the tube 10 without producing any effect, as the slot 20 extends entirely around such tube and no particular position of'the The parts are prevented from getting out of adjustment by 70 from the passageway 44 and the'lfuelpass reason of the practically unwearable steel needle point and sapphire valve seat and the fact that the needle is never fully seated, and the needle is rendered self centering by reason of its soft metal shank. Finally, the fuel and air are at all times in uniform volumetric proportion.

If desired, a lamp 80 may be provided for keeping the carbureter constantly warm and thus facilitating starting, especially with low grades of fuel. When such a lamp is used, it conveniently takes the form shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the flame and hot gases from the lamp passing up through a flue 81 provided by walls 82 within the chamber 14 and between the vertical planes of the inlet and exhaust pipes 15 and 16, and passing out from .the top of the flue 81 by a. horizontal pipe 83 which is turned upward at its outer end 81 so that it discharges under a hood S5, beneath which hood 85 and spaced therefrom is'a second hood 86 under which opens an upwardlyextending tube 87 sub rounding the up-turned part 84 of the tube 83 and extending downward to supply air to the flame of the lamp 80. The operation of'the lamp is substantially unaffected by any wind to which it may be exposed.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a carbureter, the combination of a. tube having a lateral air inlet aperture, a member slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a perforated part cooperating by relatively oblique edges with the aperture in the tube to control the admission of air thereto, said member also being provided with a longitudinal passage. with a needle mounted in said longitudinal passage, and with a cap carrying said needle and located at the top of said passage and provided with restricted perforations for allowing the flow of fluid from said passage to the space within said tube, and a fuel nozzle with which said needle cooperates to control the supply of fuel to said passage.

2. In a carbureter, the combination of a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture, a member slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a perforated part cooperating with the aperture in the tube to control the admission of air thereto. said member also being provided with a longitudinal passage, with a needle mounted in said longitudinal passage, and with a cap located at the top of said passage and provided with restricted perforations for allowing the flow; of fluid from said passage to the space within said tube. and a fuel nozzle with which said needle cooperates to control the supplyof fuel to said passage.

'3. In a carbureter, the combination of a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture. a member manually slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a perforated part cooperating with the aperture in the tube to control the admission of air thereto, said member also being provided with a longitudinal passage, and with a needle mounted in said longitudinal passage, and a fuel nozzle with which said needle cooperates to control the supply of fuel to said passage, said nozzle having an opening in its upper surface and said needle projecting into said opening.

1 In a carbureter, the combination of a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture, a member slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a part cooperating by relatively oblique edges with the apelture in the tube tocontrol the admission of air thereto, said member also being provided with a longitudinal passage, and with a needle mounted in said longitudinal passage, and a fuel nozzle located in said passage and with which said needle coiiperates to control the supply of fuel to said passage.

5. In a carburetor, the combination of a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture. :1.

member manually slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided witha perforated part cooperating with the apertures 1n the tube to control the admission of air thereto, said member also being provided sage, and a fuel nozzle with which said needle cooperates to control the supply of fuel to said passage, said passage being connected to the atmosphere so that it can regelve a small supply of air, said nozzle havlng an opening in its upper surface and said needle projecting into. said opening in said nozzle.

6. In a carbureter, the combination of a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture, a member slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a perforated part cooperating with the aperture in the tube to control the admission of air thereto. said member also being provided with a longitudinal passage, with a needle mounted in said longitudinalpassage, and with a cap located at the top of said passage and provided with restricted perforations for allowing the flow of fluid from said passage to the space within said tube, and a fuel nozzle with which said needle cooperates to control the supply of fuel to said passage, that end of said passage which is opposite saidcap being connected to the atmosphere so as to receive a small supply of air.

7.- In a carburetor, the combination of ,a tube having a lateral air inlet aperture, a member manually slidable longitudinally within said tube and provided with a perforated part cooperatin with the aperture in the tube to control t e admission of air thereto, sa d member also being provided jco-efliciento'f expansion than has said tube. 11. a'oarbureter, the combinatlo'n of a conduit," a; valve controlling a supplyof air ait}; a longitudinal passage, vand with a mounted insa'id longitudinal pas- X cooperates toftolitrol tbe s'upply of tube and provided with a perforated part cooperating with the aperture in the 'tulieto oontrolfthe admission 'of air thereto, said member.- also beingprovided with a longir tudinal' passage, with a needle mounted in said longitudinal passage,'and with a cap located at the top of said passage and provided with perforations for allowing the flow offluid from said passage'to the space.

within said tube, a. fueljnozzle with which said needle cooperatesto. eontrol the supply offfuel to said passage, a'ndja heatingcoil located .inQs'aid tube-"above .said slidable member and-{into the lower, end of which said cap s 1 m If through the perforations of said cap will be so, that: ,the discharge to the interior of said coil.

" mixing 'tube,.a fuel nozzle therein, aneedle mixing tube, a fuel nozzle therein, a needle.

with said, nozzle. to control the- 9. Ina carburet'er, the combination of a eotiperatin with said nozzle to control the ilOW of fue therethrough, and a support for said needle whichsupport ha-s a, greater coefii'c ent of expansion than has said tube.

10. Ina oarbureter, the combination of a oooperatin flow of-fue therethrough, and a'support for said fuel ,nozzle which support has a greater to said conduit, fa tuba -of comparatively small cross-section and great length, one end and a iuel nozzle "with 'whioh'saidat an tub discharginginto said conduit through a contracted openin smaller-than the tube itself andthe other being supplied with air in'small quantity as compared-with the air supplied through said valve, a-fuelnozzle located insaid tube at apoint remote from its discharge end, and a needle 00- operating with said iuel nozzle to Iu'rnish a fuel valve.

12. In a-carbureter, thecombination-of a '55 5 conduit, a.manually operated valve con; trollinga supply of airto said oonduit, a

tube of comparatively smallycross-seotion and great length, one end of said tube discharging into said conduit and the, other.

being supplied with air in small quantity Has compared with the air supplied through 1 said valve, a fuel nozzle located in said tube at'a point'remote from its 'dischargeend,

and a needlelprojecting into said fuelmoz zleto furnish a fuel valve.

13. In acarbureter, the combination oft trolling-a supply of air to said conduit, a tube of'comparatively small cross-section and great length, one end of said tube dis-' charging into said: conduit and the other a conduit, a manually operated valve conbeingsupplied with airin small quantity as I compared with the air supplied throu h said valve, a fuel nozzle located in said tu e at a point remote from its discharge end, and a,

needle cooperating with said 'fuel nozzle to furnish a fuelvvalve, said fuel valve and l said first-named. valve being interconnected so as to be operated together and the extent of opening of the two valves being substantially proportional at all positions.

, .In witness. whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Indianapolis, Indiana, this 25th day of'August A. D. one thousand'nine hundred and fourteen. g TURNER D. BOTTOMIE.,.

Witnesses: I

Y FRANK AJFAZHLE,

G. Sem 

